ABSTRACT
Background: Preeclampsia is defined as systolic blood pressure level of 140 mmHg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure level of 90 mmHg or higher that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation with proteinuria. Objective of this study was to study the role of spot urine protein: creatinine ratio as an alternative to 24 hours proteinuria for the diagnosis of pre-eclampsiaMethods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, BRD Medical College Gorakhpur, since October 2016 to September 2017 included 120 pregnant women with hypertension of gestational age more than 20 weeks. Ramdom urine sample of all the patient was taken before 12 noon after first voiding. For 24 hours urine sample patient was asked to collect all her urine she voids during 24 hours. The creatinine was estimated by the alkaline picrate method (Jaffe's Reaction) modified by the Bonsnes and Taussky, 1945. Creatinine in a protein free solution reacts with the alkaline picrate and produces red colour complex which is measured colorimeterically. Urinary protein was estimated in all the subjects by the Turbidimetric method. Urinary protein was precipitated by 3% sulphosalicylic acid and turbidity so produced was measured colorimetrically.Results: Protein: creatinine ratio in a random urine sample is better than random urine protein detection by dipstick method in cases of emergency when there is no time for detection of 24 hours urine protein.Conclusions: If cut-off level for urine protein: creatinine ratio in random urine sample is taken as 0.25 or more then sensitivity and specificity become same as 24 hours urine protein.
ABSTRACT
Background: Termination of an unwanted pregnancy is legal in India. Many women in this region are still not aware about safe abortion services and its consequences. Especially young, economically deprived and those without a supportive male partner are at higher risk of unsafe abortion. There is no clear and established evidence on this issue in our region. In the study, the aim was to explore the health seeking behaviour of women with unwanted pregnancies.Methods: Present cross-sectional study was conducted among 303 patients visiting to obstetrics and gynecology ward of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur from April 2018 to September 2018. Their socio demographic profile, reasons for current termination of pregnancy and health seeking behaviour was explored.Results: Most common reason given for terminating the current pregnancy was completed family size 65.3%. Unmarried girls with pregnancy were 5.6 % who wanted termination of pregnancy. Majority (67.0%) took medication for termination of pregnancy from nearby medical store without an expert consultation 15.8% of women consulted to a local quack or local dai for termination of pregnancy. 12.9% of women tried a method as advised by family/friends for termination of pregnancy. About 4% of women 1st tried traditional and herbal medicines, drinking tea or juice for termination of pregnancy. Majority of women (84.5%) visited to medical college for management of complications of earlier tried method of termination of pregnancy.Conclusions: Completed family size was found most common reason for termination of pregnancy. Self medication without consultation of authorised doctor was found most common practice of abortion leading to complications.
ABSTRACT
Background: Incidence of stress among medical students has been reported to be between high and very high. Medical students in pre-clinical phase are more likely to develop psychological distress than medical students in clinical phase. It may affect academic performance and lead to anxiety, depression and substance abuse. Methods: First year students of one government medical college and one private medical college of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, were surveyed to find out stress and mental health problems shortly after their admission. Results: The two colleges showed difference in the frequencies of a number of factors- current stress, sleep problem, sad mood, both parents working, parents giving sufficient time, non-participation in extra-curricular activities, sharing problem with their families, having break-up in a romantic relationship and poor relationships with classmates and roommate. More students of the government medical college reported to have current stress compared to the students of the private medical college. While all students of the government medical who had stress since admission did not recover from it, 55.56% of students of the private medical college recovered from it at the time of our survey. Conclusion: a) Psychiatry Department of every medical college should be involved in screening 1st year students having stress and mental health problems and managing them. b) Medical education should be imparted in more relaxed and fun filled manner to help students cope with the long and difficult course.
ABSTRACT
Background: India is amongst the top five countries in terms of absolute numbers of maternal deaths. In Uttar Pradesh MMR is even higher than national average. In spite of better utilisation of ante-natal services, pregnancy outcome is not significantly improving. Reason behind it is that worrying gaps in quality of antenatal care exist which lead to poor effectiveness of ANC in practice. Methods: In the present study quality of antenatal care services utilised by 286 recently delivered women (RDWs) in last one year in Shivrajpur block of district Kanpur was conducted from August 2012 to July 2013. A predesigned questionnaire was used for data collection. Information regarding age, parity, and detailed history of antenatal care & place of antenatal care were collected after taking verbal consent. Results: Majority (76.1%) of women were within 20 to 30 year of age who had delivered in last one year while 13.6% of women were within 20 year of age. In present study we find 91.9% coverage of antenatal care which was based on receiving at least one antenatal check-up. Majority (73.1%) of women received antenatal care from public facility (SC/PHC/CHC/Govt. Hospital). Out of 263 RDWs who received ANC, three-fourths had weight measurement (74.9%), their abdomen examined (76.4%) and hemoglobin estimation (69.6%) done. Less than two-thirds had height (60.8%) and blood pressure measured (66.2%). Nearly one of the two RDWs had urine examination (50.2%) and told about pregnancy complications & danger signs. Only 14.8% RDWs consumed 100 IFA tablet. TT injection was received by 79.5% of RDWs. Full ANC was taken by only 16.3% RDWs. Conclusion: Poor qualities of antenatal have a limited potential to affect maternal mortality. High-risk screening during antenatal care, as a means of identifying women for facility-based intra-partum care, is not effective for women who subsequently failed to obtain complete package of antenatal care.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is increasing day by day in developing countries especially in India. It is a main treatable cause of morbidity in eye. Diabetic cataract, neovascular glaucoma and retinopathy are important ocular complications due to diabetes mellitus. The objective was to study the variations in ocular complications in patients of diabetes mellitus. Methods: A prospective study from July 2012 to June 2013 was conducted in RMCH and RC, Kanpur & GSVM Medical College, Kanpur. One hundred one selected diabetic patients who are having abnormal slit lamp and fundus examination were included in this study. Results: In our study it was found that more the duration of diabetes, greater the severity of diabetes. Well controlled diabetics have lesser complications in eyes due to diabetes. Conclusion: Patient’s age, sex, duration and control of diabetes play important role in development and severity of complications in eye due to diabetes mellitus.